Section: 5C - Pergamus.
Number of quotes: 50
Ancient Roman Statutes: A Translation with Introduction,Commentary, Glossary and Index
Allen Chester Johnson, Paul Robinson Coleman-Norton, Frank Card Bourne
Book ID: 15 Page: 205
Section: 5C
Document 246. RESCRIPT OF HADRIAN ON THE MONEY-CHANGERS OF PERGAMUM, ca. 130 A.D.….
Like many other cities, especially in the eastern providences, Pergamum had the privilege of issuing bronze coinage. This brought a certain amount of revenue to the city, but fiduciary bronze did not command the same confidence as imperial silver,…
Quote ID: 252
Time Periods: 2
Ancient Rome by Robert Payne
Robert Payne
Book ID: 16 Page: 96
Section: 5C
In 133 B.C. most of the kingdom of Pergamum, in Asia Minor, was annexed as a new Roman province.
Quote ID: 280
Time Periods: 2
Arnobius, ANF Vol. 6, Fathers of the Third Century
Edited by Alexander Roberts
Book ID: 659 Page: 538
Section: 5C
But the Great Mother, also, says my opponent, being summoned from Phrygian Pessinus in precisely the same way by command of the seers, was a cause of safety and great joy to the people. For, on the one hand, a long-powerful enemy was thrust out from the position he had gained in Italy; and on the other, its ancient glory was restored to the city by glorious and illustrious victories, and the boundaries of the empire were extended far and wide, and their rights as freeman were torn from races, states, peoples without number, and the yoke of slavery imposed on them, and many other things accomplished at home and abroad established the renown and dignity of the race with irresistible power. If the histories tell the truth, and do not insert what is false in their accounts of events, nothing else truly is said to have been brought from Phrygia, sent by King Attalus, than a stone, not large, which could be carried in a man’s hand without any pressure—of a dusky and black colour—not smooth, but having little corners standing out, and which to-day we all see put in that image instead of a face, rough and unhewn, giving to the figure a countenance by no means lifelike.
PJ footnote reference: Arnobius, Against the Heathen, VII.49.
Quote ID: 9484
Time Periods: 034
Caesars & Saints: The Rise of the Christian State, A.D. 180-313
Stewart Perowne
Book ID: 44 Page: 70
Section: 5C
“leaf of Pergamum” = parchment for writing.
Quote ID: 987
Time Periods: 0
Christians as the Romans Saw Them, The
Robert L. Wilken
Book ID: 201 Page: 69
Section: 5C
A spectacular shrine dedicated to the god of healing, Asclepius, was located there.... Asclepius’s power to heal attracted people from all over the world, and in the second century the Asclepieion at Pergamum had become a destination of pilgrimage.
Quote ID: 4555
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 39
Section: 5C
By 307 all pretence of a regency had vanished, and those commanders who survived the vicious infighting declared that they themselves were kings. Eventually three new dynasties emerged: the Ptolemies in Egypt, the Seleucids in Asia and the Antigonids in Macedonia. Later, in Asia Minor, the Attalids carved themselves out to a kingdom round the commanding site of Pergamon.
Quote ID: 4789
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 40
Section: 5C
The Attalids of Pergamon chose that traditional protectress of cities, Athena.
Quote ID: 4790
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 42
Section: 5C
The Attalids made Pergamon into one of the great showcase cities of the eastern Mediterranean, and one of them, Attalus II, also honoured Athens with a resplendent new stoa (roofed colonnade).
Quote ID: 4791
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 45
Section: 5C
Pergamon, high on its rock, survived only because water from a spring twenty-five metres higher on a neighbouring hill was piped down and then up again into the city through some 240,000 linked lead pipes.
Quote ID: 4792
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 52
Section: 5C
The Hellenistic kingdoms of the Antigonids (northern Greece), Seleucids (much of western Asia), Ptolemies (Egypt) and Attalids (Pergamon in western Asia Minor) were all now under Roman control. Rome’s empire embraced the entire Mediterranean.
Quote ID: 4793
Time Periods: 0
Closing of the Western Mind, The
Charles Freeman
Book ID: 205 Page: 66
Section: 5C
The most significant figure in medicine at this time was Galen (who was born in A.D. 129 and lived at least until the end of the century), a physician from Pergamon.
Quote ID: 4801
Time Periods: 2
Cults of the Roman Empire, The
Robert Turcan
Book ID: 209 Page: 36/37/38
Section: 2A4,5C,2D2
Because of the war waged together with Attalus against Philip V of Macedon, common interests united Rome with the king of Pergamum, . . .. . . .
But an earth tremor is supposed to have indicated the irritation of Cybele, whose voice prophesied: ‘Rome is worthy to become the meeting-place of all the gods.’ To which King Attalus is said to have replied: ‘Go, then! You will remain ours. For Rome boasts of Phrygian ancestors’ (Fasti, IV, 265-72). According to Livy (History of Rome, XXIX, 11, 7), Attalus himself accompanied the Roman ambassadors to Pessinus to have the sacred stone handed over to them. It has been conjectured that in fact the king might already have transferred it to Pergamum. However that may be, in this affair (as in so many others) religion and politics were wonderfully in accord: . . .
. . . .
Henceforth, each year from 4 to 10 April festivals and spectacles or ‘Megalesian games’ commemorated the arrival of the Great (Megale) Mother on this sacred hill of Romulus.
. . . .
The dark aerolith from Pessinus was adapted as the head of the cult statue. {38} Like Artemis of Ephesus, Cybele was a black ‘virgin’.
. . . .
For the celebration of the Megalesian Games, the idol was borne ‘on the necks of the galli’ (Ovid, Fasti, IV, 185), by means of a kind of stretcher, as so many statues of saints are still carried on their feast day in Italy, Sardinia and Sicily. During the Lavatio procession, the goddess was enthroned in a chariot pulled by heifers, under a rain of spring flowers (ibid., 345-6).
Quote ID: 5133
Time Periods: 0
Cults of the Roman Empire, The
Robert Turcan
Book ID: 209 Page: 111
Section: 5C
. . . (to say nothing of other epigraphic testimony like that of Delos and Pergamum) refer to the existence of wardrobes that were as rich as those of the imperial palace.
Quote ID: 5155
Time Periods: 123
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire - Vol. 3, The
Edward Gibbon
Book ID: 319 Page: 150
Section: 5C
The old library of the Ptolemies was totally consumed in Cæsar’s Alexandrian war. Marc Antony gave the whole collection of Pergamus (200,000 volumes) to Cleopatra, as the foundation of the new library of Alexandria.
Quote ID: 7710
Time Periods: 0
Eunapius, Lives of the Philosophers, LCL 134
Eunapius
Book ID: 295 Page: 533
Section: 5C
Lives of the Philosophers
Pergamon was the birthplace of Oribasius, and in fact this contributed to his renown, just as is the case with those who are born at Athens; for whenever such men win a name for eloquence, the report spreads far and wide that their Muse is Attic and that this paragon is a home product.
Quote ID: 7424
Time Periods: 45
Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History Books, LCL 153: Eusebius I, Books 1-5
Eusebius
Book ID: 141 Page: 359
Section: 5C
Book IV chapter XVThere are also memoirs extant of others who were martyred in the city of Pergamon in Asia, Carpus and Papylas, and a woman, Agathonice, who died after many glorious confessions.
Quote ID: 3091
Time Periods: 3
Homer, Illiad, LCL 170: Homer I, Books 1-12
Loeb Classical Library
Book ID: 143 Page: 239
Section: 5C
Book 5 lines 440-444
So he spoke, and the son of Tydeus gave ground a little backwards, avoiding the wrath of Apollo who strikes from afar. Aeneas then did Apollo set far from the throng in holy Pergamus, where his shrine had been built.
Quote ID: 3142
Time Periods: 0
Lost Letters of Pergamum, The
Bruce W. Longenecker
Book ID: 249 Page: 9
Section: 5C
Pergamum where pro-Roman sentiment and emperor worship were rampant.
Quote ID: 6256
Time Periods: 1
Lost Letters of Pergamum, The
Bruce W. Longenecker
Book ID: 249 Page: 27
Section: 5C
The name “Pergamum” means “citadel.”
Quote ID: 6257
Time Periods: 0
Lost Letters of Pergamum, The
Bruce W. Longenecker
Book ID: 249 Page: 66
Section: 5C
Since Pergamum has “the right of sword” the authority to carry out executions according to its own discretion, without approval from a higher authority
Quote ID: 6259
Time Periods: 1
Lost Letters of Pergamum, The
Bruce W. Longenecker
Book ID: 249 Page: 141
Section: 5C
At this point, Demetrius suggested that perhaps “persecution” should not be defined only with reference to martyrdom. As a stonemason, he is finding it increasingly difficult to carry out his trade. The stonemasons’ guild prides itself in honoring the emperor, and its meetings include the offering of sacrifices to the emperor. Guild membership fees have been increased to include a donation to the imperial temple in order to promote the worship of the emperor in Pergamum. The guild exercises such power within the city that stonework is available only to its members.
Quote ID: 6262
Time Periods: 12
Paganism and Christianity 100-425 C.E. a Sourcebook
Ramsay MacMullen and Eugene N. Lane
Book ID: 170 Page: 33
Section: 5C
(in the reign of Hadrian?): The senate and people of the capital city of Asia, twice the Temple-Warden, first city, the city of Pergamon.
Quote ID: 3679
Time Periods: 012
Paganism in the Roman Empire
Ramsay MacMullen
Book ID: 171 Page: 15
Section: 5C
recovered now from inscriptions: the Paeans to Asclepius by Ariphron of about 400 B.C. and by Sophocles a generation earlier, {72} plus some otherwise unknown verses to the god by Aelius Aristides. {73} These last are somewhat fragmentary; but it is pleasant to think that gifted, boring, tenacious, pitiable, godly sufferer who dedicated years of residence to the healing sanctuary at Pergamon, undergoing a thousand experiences of divine assistance recorded for us in his spiritual diary. It is pleasant to suppose, too, even if we cannot be quite certain, that Sophocles’ verses were sung before temples of Asclepius every morning in series unbroken for six hundred years
Quote ID: 3701
Time Periods: 0
Paganism in the Roman Empire
Ramsay MacMullen
Book ID: 171 Page: 27
Section: 5C
Holy places only by chance lay where cities grew. Many lay rather at some distance away: the Asclepieion in the suburbs of Pergamon,
Quote ID: 3707
Time Periods: 0
Paganism in the Roman Empire
Ramsay MacMullen
Book ID: 171 Page: 28
Section: 5C
Divine doctors received many calls. Asclepius alone maintained hundreds of offices open for patients throughout the Greek-speaking provinces, {51} of which those at Epidaurus and Pergamon are only the most famous.
Quote ID: 3709
Time Periods: 0
Pagans and Christians: Religion and the Religious Life from the Second to Fourth Century A.D.
Robin Lane Fox
Book ID: 173 Page: 490/491
Section: 5C
Eusebius refers to the “records” and “conspicuous confessions” of three martyrs at Pergamum and implies that they were martyred at the same time as Poinius. Two versions of their martyrdom survive and carry particular weight: one, an expanded Greek version, the other, a Latin translation which is nearer to the Greek original from which this expanded text developed. {83} The Latin text’s preface and prescript date the martyrs to Decius’s reign and refer correctly to the Emperor’s edict which ordered “sacrifice to the gods.” The governor is called “Optimus,” but no “Optimus” is known, and there is force in the old guess that the name is the Latin translation of his title in the Greek original: “Most excellent governor,” like “most excellent Theophilus.” His name, then, is recoverable. The earliest calendars of Christian martyrs place these Christians’ deaths at Pergamum on April 13. The year was 250, and if so, the “most excellent governor” was Quintilianus, processing north from Smyrna, having sentenced Pionius to death. In April, Pergamum was the assize tour’s next stop.In early March, Quintilianus heard from Pionius that Christians worshipped the Marker of the heavens. In mid-April, he was harangued by Christians in Pergamum’s amphitheatre, that huge arena which spreads across the natural backdrop to the upper city’s theatre, the steepest stage in the ancient world. The Latin version remarks that the crowds in Pergamum had been in a hurry. They had wished to light the Christians’ bonfire before it started to rain. Perhaps this detail is true to life, and so, perhaps, is the speech which the Latin gave to the martyr Papylus as they hurried to bring the fire: “Here the fire burns briefly, but there it burns for ever, and by it, God will judge the world. It will drown the sea, the mountains and the woods. By it, God will judge each human soul.”{84}
Quote ID: 3875
Time Periods: 23
Pagans and Christians: Religion and the Religious Life from the Second to Fourth Century A.D.
Robin Lane Fox
Book ID: 173 Page: 491
Section: 5C
Pionius and the martyrs of Pergamum had run into a staunch Eumolpid. Such men in Roman service still held to its traditions and fostered the pagan cults which had kept life going for so long. When times were hard, disaster reinforced the faith which they took for granted. The gods, they thought, needed to be honoured more vigorously until their anger passed away. For them, there was nothing which Decius had to revive. On circuit, the “most excellent Eumolpid” had made a brisk start: the Seven Sleepers were in their den; Pionius was on his cross; the local bishop of Smyrna had compromised and eaten meat for the gods; a bishop, a deacon and a Christian lady had been burnt in Pergamum….PJ: Does this mean Pionius was crucified?
Quote ID: 3876
Time Periods: 23
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 140
Section: 5C
Based on historical and art historical/archaeological reasons, scholars almost unanimously dated the construction of the Great Altar at Pergamon to the reign of the Attalid Eumenes II (b. ca. 221, r. 197-159 BCE). In this connection, the latest discussion depends upon two different time factors, each using archaeological and historical criteria to support its arguments.
Quote ID: 3887
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 141
Section: 5C
The end of the construction work on the never completed altar has been linked either to the death of Eumenes II (159 BCE) or to the raid of king Prusias II of Bithynia (156 BCE). Regarding the time of construction of the altar, it also seems important to me that one can place this project within a larger framework. According to a well-known text by the Greek geographer Strabo, Eumenes II and his brother saw to it that Pergamon, the citadel on the hill, became a residential city, beautified with dedicatory offerings and libraries.
Quote ID: 3888
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 142/143
Section: 5C
The Great Altar was, without a doubt, not only artistically the most important marble building in Pergamon in pre-Roman times but also the largest in dimension. Owing to its exposed location on a terrace below the actual citadel, its visibility from a distance, and its axial alignment to the Athena temple, the building represents the central monument in the expansion of the city under Eumenian rule.A common factor of the altar and other marble buildings of the Eumenian period (such as the temple of Dionysos on the theater terrace and the Ionic temple near the Upper Gymnasium) is their unfinished state of construction.
Nor does the premature termination of the work seem to have been based on political actions. Eumenes’ brother and successor, Attalos II, had ample opportunity to build further marble buildings, such as a palace next to the Sanctuary of Athena and the Temple of Hera above the gymnasium. One can only assume, therefore, that after the death of Eumenes II, the interest in continuing the projects, which probably also carried the inscription of his name, no longer existed. Attalos II had different priorities.
It is heavily disputed whether the aforementioned throne of Satan refers to the local imperial cult, the famous Asklepieion, the powerful Jewish congregation, or, finally, the Great Altar. But if one considers that the imperial cult, the Asklepios priesthood, and the Jewish diaspora were as important to the other addresses of apocalyptic messages - - for example, the Ephesians - - as these categories were to the people of Pergamon, it remains very likely that the Great Altar is the text’s referent, since at that time, prior to the construction of the Trajaneum, the throne-like monumental altar was still the dominant site above the city.
Quote ID: 3889
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 144/143
Section: 5C
One can, however, only step on solid ground with the mention of a great altar in the liber memorialis of Lucius Ampelius. (“At Pergamon is a great marble altar, forty feet high, with remarkable sculptures; it is surrounded by a gigantomachy as well.”)The predominant opinion seems to be that Ampelius used good and rare information for the first chapters (up to chapter 9). These sources almost certainly included the periegetes (traveller’s guide-books) of Greek authors either from Roman times or even the second century BCE. In this case, we would have a quasi-contemporary source regarding the altar.
Quote ID: 3890
Time Periods: 02
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 147
Section: 5C
The area on the southern slope of the acropolis below the venerable sanctuary of the city goddess Athena had already held a building before the erecting of the Great Altar. Remains of an apsidal structure (which most probably served cultic purposes) inside the altar’s foundation, and the walls of a Hellenistic house were unearthed in the course of the first excavations.
Quote ID: 3891
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 153
Section: 5C
The frieze represented the legend of Telephos, the hero-founder of Pergamon and mythical ancestor of the royal house.
Quote ID: 3892
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 159
Section: 5C
The attempt to reconstruct the altar of Pergamon from its numerous remains clearly shows, then, that this is an exceptionally complex structure. Its appearance melded different ideas derived from architecturally lavish altars and monumental funerary buildings to form a unique monument of a dynasty that self-confidently conceived of itself as the political pioneer of Hellenism. In this altar, idea and execution represent in their totality a climax of Hellenistic culture in Asia Minor.
Quote ID: 3893
Time Periods: 7
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 173
Section: 5C
Although the date, founder, purpose, and significance of the Great Altar in Pergamon are all uncertain and continue to provoke debate, work on it probably began around 170 BCE during the reign of Eumenes II and reached completion in the early 150s under his successor, Attalos II. It is likely that the altar was dedicated to Zeus and Athena, since they are in equal proportions the two most prominent deities on the eastern part of the outer frieze.
Quote ID: 3894
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 182
Section: 5C
A key feature is her adornment with the pomegranate. Thus the theme of the north frieze may be interpreted as “life and death.” The old age of the Graiai alludes to death; the Fates dispense the lot of death; the Hesperides and their snake guard the apples of immortality.
Quote ID: 3895
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 183
Section: 5C
Since Telephos was the mythical founder of the city and ancestor of Pergamene rulers.
Quote ID: 3896
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 239
Section: 5C
In summary then, the view of the temple from Rome as reflected in this inscription is somewhat limited. In response to issues raised by the Pergamenes themselves, this inscription mentions the temple in passing, but focuses mainly on the contests associated with it -- especially emphasizing that they are triumphal and on an equal footing with the Roman and Augustus games. If this were the only evidence available about the temple, no one would think very much about it. Fortunately, this is not the case.
Quote ID: 3898
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 299
Section: 5C
One may use drawings to get an idea of the temple of Athena, the oldest sanctuary in Pergamon, while the Imperial age’s great edifice, the Trajaneum, underwent partial reconstruction in recent years. Together with the reconstruction of Pergamon’s representation center with its centerpiece, the Great Altar.
Quote ID: 3901
Time Periods: 07
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 374
Section: 5C
The first coins indicating a certain form of alliance or agreement were minted jointly by the cities of Pergamon and Sardis during the reign of Augustus. They lack the inscription homonoia, but the fact that they bear the names of two cities makes them an early form of alliance coins.
Quote ID: 3908
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 375
Section: 5C
Many sources -- literature, inscriptions, and coins -- reflect the relationship of the three leading cities of Asia Minor: Pergamon, Ephesos, and Smyrna.
Quote ID: 3909
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 378
Section: 5C
In this coin series Ephesos took the center position, since the title “first of Asia” gave it that right. To honor Pergamon and Smyrna equally, Ephesos produced two series of coins: one with Nemesis representing Smyrna on the left, and another with Asklepios representing Pergamon on the left.
Quote ID: 3910
Time Periods: 03
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 379
Section: 5C
On the reverse is part of the foundation myth of Pergamon: Herakles sits in a rock with his club beside him and grasps Auge’s hand with his right (they were the mythical parents of Telephos, one of the founders of Pergamon).
Quote ID: 3911
Time Periods: 0
Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
(Archaeological Record, Literary Description) Helmut Koester (editor)
Book ID: 176 Page: 400
Section: 5C
The upper classes, which throughout antiquity had erected and maintained the technical and economic structures of the city, had ceased to carry out their responsibilities in maintaining and improving the public facilities and had left the public buildings to decay. Even the Asklepieion, once the city’s main attraction and source of income, was dilapidated.
Quote ID: 3913
Time Periods: ?
St. Paul’s Ephesus - Texts and Archaeology
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor
Book ID: 289 Page: 62
Section: 5C
Ephesus and Pergamum (modern Bergamum) were perennial rivals in Asia, as were Nicea (modern Iznic) and Nicomedia (modern Izmit) in Bithynia. Pergamum had been the capital of the Attalid kingdom, but lost its primacy when Rome took over in 133 B.C.E. Its place was taken by Ephesus, which as time went on showed that it fully merited the title of the “chief city” of Asia.
Quote ID: 7387
Time Periods: 0
St. Paul’s Ephesus - Texts and Archaeology
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor
Book ID: 289 Page: 90
Section: 5C
Having lost his ships, in 189 B.C.E. Antiochus was forced into a land battle at Magnesia near Sipylus that he lost badly, though he managed to escape to Apamea (37.44). The next day the cities adjacent to the battlefield – Thyatira, Magnesia near Sipylus, Tralles, Magnesia on the Maeander, and Ephesus-sent delegates to Scipio Africanus to surrender. Thus “the cities of Asia put themselves under the protection of the consul and under the sovereignty of the Roman people” (37.45.1).
Quote ID: 7388
Time Periods: 0
St. Paul’s Ephesus - Texts and Archaeology
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor
Book ID: 289 Page: 90
Section: 5C
Having put themselves under the protection of Rome, the cities of Asia immediately sent envoys to the Senate in Rome in order to secure the best deal possible. Eumenes went in person. The Senate contented itself with establishing the broad lines of a peace settlement, and nominated ten commissioners to determine the precise details on the spot (37.55-56). From our perspective their most important decision (taken in 188 B.C.E.) was to single out Ephesus by name as restored to the Attalids of Pergamum.
Quote ID: 7389
Time Periods: 0
St. Paul’s Ephesus - Texts and Archaeology
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor
Book ID: 289 Page: 131
Section: 5C
The size of Pergamum was roughly equivalent. In the late second century C.E. Galen (5.49), a native son, estimated its population to be 40,000 male citizens, which came to a total of 120,000 when wives and slaves were included. By adding the young of both sexes up to the age of eighteen, Stephen Mitchell proposes a figure of between 180,000 and 200,000. 274
Quote ID: 7390
Time Periods: 2
Tacitus, Histories, LCL 249: Tacitus III, Histories, Books 4-5
Tacitus (Translated by A.J. Church)
Book ID: 197 Page: 98
Section: 3B,5C
Inasmuch as the divine Augustus did not forbid the founding of a temple at Pergamum {60} to himself and to the city of Rome, …
Quote ID: 7512
Time Periods: 1
Twelve Tables, The, LCL 329: Remains of Old Latin III
Edited and translated by E. H. Warmington Vol. 3
Book ID: 305 Page: 7
Section: 5C
But now costly foreign wares bring luxury:Nonius: ‘Tunica’ is a garment without sleeves…-
“Bordered cloaks and underdress, all dirty mean workmanship of Lydians,” {b}
….
{b} Result of the bequeathing by Attalus III of his kingdom to Rome, 133 B.C.—cf. Cichor., 228-9.
Quote ID: 7536
Time Periods: 0
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