Section: 3G - Charlemagne and the following years.
Number of quotes: 57
Ancient Rome by Robert Payne
Robert Payne
Book ID: 16 Page: 268
Section: 3G
But in time Italy was to become dappled with territories owing allegiance to the papacy; and the kings of Europe would find compelling reasons to accept the doctrine that all spiritual power was vested in the pope and that earthly power should receive the sanction of the spiritual. When Charlemagne permitted himself to be crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800, he was under no illusions that any rights had been conferred on him. Nevertheless the coronation laid the foundations for the Holy Roman Empire.
Quote ID: 335
Time Periods: 7
Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World
Patrick J. Geary
Book ID: 40 Page: 230
Section: 3G
Finally, along with the Carolingians, rose a new “imperial aristocracy” composed of nobles from many different backgrounds. Many were from Austrasian families; others were from regional elites who had made the Carolingians secure in the various areas of Francia; still others had risen through service to the Carolingians or even to their predecessors but who had joined forces with the winning side at an early date. From this relatively small group of families the Carolingians drew their bishops and counts, whom they sent throughout the empire.
Quote ID: 895
Time Periods: 7
Birth of Europe, The
Jacques Le Goff
Book ID: 199 Page: 32
Section: 3G
From a territorial point of view, Charlemagne’s Europe was very restricted. It included neither the British Isles, which in the hands of the Anglo-Saxons and the Irish, remained independent, the Iberian peninsula, which was mostly under Muslim control, southern Italy and Sicily, likewise in the hands of the Saracens, nor, finally, Scandinavia, which was still pagan.
Quote ID: 4507
Time Periods: 7
Birth of Europe, The
Jacques Le Goff
Book ID: 199 Page: 40
Section: 3G
In the mid-tenth century, Charlemagne’s dream of imperial unity was taken up by Otto I, the king of Germany, who was the son of Henry I and Saint Matilda. He had been crowned in 936, in Aix-la-Chapelle, and had then annexed various territories in Germany and won a number of victories over invaders, including a famous one at Lechfeld, over the Hungarians, in 955. In 962, he was crowned emperor in Rome, by Pope John XII.. . . .
The name given to this empire of his was the Germanic Holy Roman Empire. This conveyed first the sacred nature of the empire and secondly that it was the Roman Empire’s successor, with Rome as its capital.
Quote ID: 4510
Time Periods: 7
Birth of Europe, The
Jacques Le Goff
Book ID: 199 Page: 41
Section: 3G
Otto I’s son, Otto II, consolidated the structures of the empire and his son Otto III, who was crowned in Rome immediately after his father’s death in 983, was hailed as the bringer of a brilliant future for the whole of Christendom. The gifts and brilliance of this 13-year-old emperor, who died at the age of 21, in 1002, earned him the description of a mirabilia mundi, one of the world’s wonders.
Quote ID: 4511
Time Periods: 7
Christian History Magazine: All Things Work to the Good, pp. 39-41, Issue 63 Vol. XVIII No. 3
James W. Marchland
Book ID: 369 Page: 40
Section: 3A2A,3G
Meanwhile, Olaf Tryvgvesson [PJ: 963–1000] had become King of Norway. Immediately upon taking the crown, he began forcibly Christianizing his kingdom (see “Be Christian or Die,” p. 13). In 977 he sent his friend and court chaplain Thangbrand to Iceland to convert the island.….
The king was not known for his even temper, and he threatened to maim or kill all the Icelanders he could round up in Norway.
Quote ID: 8202
Time Periods: 7
Christian History Magazine: Be Christian or Die, pp.12-17, Issue 63 Vol. XVIII No. 3
James Reston, Jr.
Book ID: 367 Page: 14
Section: 3A4A,3G
Ethelred [PJ: 978–1013] presented his tormenter with royal gifts and, in return, Olaf promised never again to visit war upon England. To Ethelred, Christianity was more effective than gold, and to Olaf, his new faith conferred upon him a dignity and stature among kings that he had lacked.
Quote ID: 8191
Time Periods: 7
Christian Liturgy: Catholic and Evangelical
Frank C. Senn
Book ID: 54 Page: 175/176
Section: 3A4C,3G
The prospects of political and ecclesiastical stability under this dynasty were blessed by the church in the anointing of Pippin as king of Boniface and the crowning of Charlemagne as emperor at Saint Peter’s Basilica on Christmas Day, 800, by Pope Leo III. In the interests of shoring up law and order in their unruly realm, the Carolingians imported Roman books and practices into their court and churches, but inevitably they put their own stamp on them in the transmission of texts and the development of praxis.
Quote ID: 1219
Time Periods: 7
Civilizations of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, The
Norman F. Cantor
Book ID: 203 Page: 243
Section: 3G
The eight decades from the middle of the eleventh century to the end of the third decade of the twelfth constitute one of the great turning points in European history.
Quote ID: 4692
Time Periods: 7
Civilizations of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, The
Norman F. Cantor
Book ID: 203 Page: 243
Section: 3G
Such a period of fundamental and, at the same time, rapid change was the age of the Gregorian reform and the investiture controversy that the Gregorian reform precipitated. The Gregorian reform gets its name from Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085), the most visible leader of the reform movement. The term investiture controversy is derived from the crucial issue of whether kings and other great lords had the right to invest bishops and abbots with the symbols of their office, that is, whether laymen had the right to appoint church officials.
Quote ID: 4693
Time Periods: 7
Civilizations of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, The
Norman F. Cantor
Book ID: 203 Page: 244
Section: 3G
Each world revolution has begun with some just complaint about moral wrongs in the prevailing political, social, or religious system. In the investiture controversy the leaders of the revolution, who have been called the Gregorian reformers, complained about the domination of the church by laymen and the involvement of the church in feudal obligations.
Quote ID: 4694
Time Periods: 7
Civilizations of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, The
Norman F. Cantor
Book ID: 203 Page: 245
Section: 3G
As in all other world revolutions, the ideologists of the investiture controversy were only partially successful in creating the new order. They succeeded in destroying the old system, but the new world was not the revolutionary utopia.…
The church gained a large measure of freedom from secular control, and there was a noticeable improvement in the moral and intellectual level of the clergy. But the church itself, from the time of the investiture controversy, became more and more interested in secular affairs, and so the papacy of the High Middle Ages competed successfully for wealth and power with kings and emperors. The church itself became a great superstate that was governed by the papal administration.
Quote ID: 4695
Time Periods: 7
Civilizations of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, The
Norman F. Cantor
Book ID: 203 Page: 262/263
Section: 3G
The last of the four Gregorian reformers, Pope Paschal II, the only radical Gregorian aside from Hildebrand to obtain the papal throne, carried the debate much further and provided a definite answer, although one unpalatable to the great majority of the leading churchmen of his time.…
Paschal’s solution of the debate over church-state relations was both simple and radical. Since the origin of the controversy lay in the question of the relative jurisdictions of regnum and sacerdotium, he proposed to the emperor that the German churchmen surrender to the imperial crown their lands and secular offices and constitute themselves a purely spiritual church. In return, Henry V promised not to interfere with the affairs of the German bishops and abbots; of course, the delighted emperor could afford to do so in view of the tremendous accretion of landed wealth and public offices he was given by Paschal’s proposal. Paschal’s concession was neither the unaccountable act of an eccentric old man nor the consequence of force majeure by the emperor, as the papal court later claimed in repudiating Paschal’s treaty. The Concordat of 1111 was fully in accord with Paschal’s ideological position, which was, in turn, and offshoot of radical Gregorianism.
…
The provocative doctrine of the apostolic poverty of the church thus made its first clear appearance in the policy of the last of the Gregorian popes. Rejected by the high medieval papacy, looked upon with horror by the wealthy and powerful ecclesiastics of western Europe, this doctrine was to find favor with the popular heretical movements of the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries.
Pastor John notes: John’s Note: Ha!
Quote ID: 4696
Time Periods: 7
Cult of the Saints, The
Peter Brown
Book ID: 208 Page: 121/124
Section: 2A3,3G
Throughout the late-antique and early-medieval period, the process of Christianization was brought to a standstill by the silent determination of human groups who would not alter the immemorial patterns of their working life to pay reverence to the saints,{81} or to bend their habits to please yet another class of domini.{82} Zones of “raw rusticity” hemmed in Gregory’s ceremonious world.{83}. . . . Gregory’s hagiographic work is punctuated by incidents that allow us to glimpse the malaise of a countryside faced by baffling or oppressive forms of power. For the praesentia of the saint often sparked off heady enthusiasm, associated with the arrival of new, “clean” power in areas where, until then, the villagers had had no choice but of forms of “unclean” dependence. When the relics of Saint Julian passed through the fields of Champagne at a time when these were crowded with hired laborers drawn from the neighboring villages, their passage was marked by scenes as dramatic and as ominous as any later pursuit of the millennium:
"Look at the most blessed Julian drawing near to us! Behold his power! Behold his glory! Run, lads, leave your ploughs and oxen; let the whole crowd of us follow him!"{85}......The transient praesentia of the saint had brought to these tired men the touch of an ideal dependence that could set them free, if only for a moment, from the harsh demands of Gallo-Roman landowning in a labor-intensive cereal-growing area.{86}
**reverentia means awe, reverence.praesentia means “carriage, demeanor, aspect” (especially if impressive) is from 1570s; that of “divine, spiritual, or incorporeal being felt as present” is from 1660s. Presence of mind (1660s) is a loan-translation of French présence d’esprit, Latin praesentia animi.
Quote ID: 5106
Time Periods: 456
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History 500-1000
Julia M. H. Smith
Book ID: 83 Page: 226
Section: 3G
Charlemagne’s wars against the Saxons were notorious for their bloodshed and unremitting determination to crush Saxon society and religion, substituting Christianity at swordpoint.{10}
Quote ID: 2185
Time Periods: 7
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History 500-1000
Julia M. H. Smith
Book ID: 83 Page: 227
Section: 3A1,3G
In these circumstances, acceptance of Christianity bore all the marks of political spectacle, carefully staged.
Quote ID: 2186
Time Periods: 7
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History 500-1000
Julia M. H. Smith
Book ID: 83 Page: 237
Section: 3A2A,3G
That it was a key task of kings to assist churchmen in the extirpation of error had been established by Louis’s grandfather, Charlemagne.. . . .
…the royal responsibility for the correction of religious error gave a new twist to the distinction between Christian and pagan. An energetic Christian king such as Louis the German not only ‘humb[led] the pagan heathens’ on the battlefield; he worked closely with his leading bishops to inculcate correct Christianity amongst his subjects.
Quote ID: 2192
Time Periods: 7
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History 500-1000
Julia M. H. Smith
Book ID: 83 Page: 276
Section: 3G
When Charlemagne placed the motto ‘the renewal of the Roman Empire’ on his seal in the spring of 801, he had already left Rome, never to return—and was certainly not outlining a practical political programme. Rather, he was investing his new-found title with the rhetorical mantle of historical authentication.
Quote ID: 2204
Time Periods: 7
Europe and the Faith
Hilaire Belloc
Book ID: 84 Page: 134
Section: 3G
This Mohammedan swoop was the first and most disastrously successful of the three great assaults.. . . .
Finally, less noticed by history, but quite as grievous, and needing a defense as gallant, was the pagan advance over the North German Plan and up the valley of the Danube.
Quote ID: 2269
Time Periods: 67
Europe and the Faith
Hilaire Belloc
Book ID: 84 Page: 135
Section: 3G
But Charlemagne, with vast Gallic armies, broke into the barbaric Germanies right up to the Elbe. He compelled them by arms to accept religion, letters and arts. He extended Europe to these new boundaries and organized them as a sort of rampart in the East: a thing the Roman Empire had not done.. . . .
This, then, is the first characteristic to be remembered of the Dark Ages: the violence of the physical struggle and the intense physical effort by which Europe was saved.
The second characteristic of the Dark Ages proceeds from this first military one: it may be called Feudalism.
Briefly it was this: the passing of actual government from the hands of the old Roman provincial centers of administration into the hands of each small local society and its lord.
Quote ID: 2270
Time Periods: 7
Europe and the Faith
Hilaire Belloc
Book ID: 84 Page: 137/138
Section: 3G
Consider the life of Charlemagne, who is the central figure of those centuries. It is spent almost entirely in the saddle.. . . .
The whole story is one of perpetual marching, and of blows parrying here, thrusting there, upon all the boundaries of isolated and besieged Christendom. He will attend to learning, but the ideal of learning is repetitive and conservative: its passion is to hold what was, not to create or expand.
. . . .
Religion during these centuries settled and consolidated, as it were. An enemy would say that it petrified, a friend that it was enormously strengthened by pressure. But whatever the metaphor chosen, the truth indicated will be this: that the Catholic Faith became between the years 600 and 1000 utterly one with Europe. The last vestiges of the antique and Pagan civilization of the Mediterranean were absorbed. A habit of certitude and of fixity, even in the details of thought, was formed in the European mind.
Quote ID: 2273
Time Periods: 7
Formation of Christendom, The
Judith Herrin
Book ID: 225 Page: 390
Section: 3G
Charlemagne is claimed by both France and Germany as a founding father
Quote ID: 5698
Time Periods: 7
Formation of Christendom, The
Judith Herrin
Book ID: 225 Page: 476
Section: 3A1,3G
Charlemagne’s and Pope Leo III’s vision of a “Holy Roman Empire”, formalized in the king’s coronation in Rome on Christmas day, AD 800, endured through the centuries, indeed for a millennium, for it was only in 1806 that the title was last abandoned (by Francis II of Austria) in the face of the reality of national sovereignties that could not be denied or undone with military might. Even Napoleon assumed the simpler title “Emperor of France”, and Francis II chose as more fitting to his real stature among nations the title, “Emperor of Austria”. Until this day in Europe, ethnic identifications and national military strengths have prevented any ruler from developing the power or prestige to bear the most prized title in Christendom, the august title of Holy Roman Emperor.Pastor John’s Note: The dream is still being dreamed, and Christendom sleeps a fitful sleep. Fleeting bits of the Great Whore’s dreams have been glimpsed as they came and went across her mind: the Tzar of Russia, as well as Germany’s Kaiser, owed their exalted titles to her dreams of Roman glory, for “caesar” is the root of them both.
But the man of her dreams is coming, the man for whom she long ago forsook her Lord, but he will be, for both her and the world, the greatest nightmare ever experienced.
Meanwhile, the words of Isaiah call out to the children of God who lounge in the warm shadows of the Whore’s scarlet colored skirts: “Awake thou that sleepest, and Christ shall give thee light!” Translated into New Testament wisdom, this plaintive cry is, and has been for almost 1700 years, “Come out of her, My people!”*
Quote ID: 5703
Time Periods: 7
Growth of Church Institutions, The
The Rev. Edwin Hatch, M. A., D.D., (Reader In Ecclesiastical History In The University Of Oxford Sec
Book ID: 230 Page: 38/39
Section: 3A1,3A2A,3G
It is important to note that, from the time of Charles the Great, a bishop on his visitation tour acted in a double capacity, partly as an officer of the Church, preserving the ancient tradition of ecclesiastical discipline, and partly as an officer of the State, exercising powers with which the State had armed him.....
The bishop in his visitation was commonly invested with a commission to inquire into cases of murder, adultery, and other wrongdoings “which are contrary to the law of God, and which Christian men ought to avoid.” He was, above all, to stamp out the remains of paganism. He was to be an active agent in carrying out the great policy of establishing a Christian empire.
....
The weapon with which he was armed was in the first instance the legitimate ecclesiastical weapon of excommunication. Any one who was found to be guilty of flagrant immorality, or of practising pagan rites, was excluded from the Church. And if the ecclesiastical weapon failed of its effect, the bishop might resort to the “secular arm.” In any case the king’s officers were bound to help him; and a determined resistance to his sentence involved the severest penalties of the civil law.
Quote ID: 5777
Time Periods: 7
Growth of Church Institutions, The
The Rev. Edwin Hatch, M. A., D.D., (Reader In Ecclesiastical History In The University Of Oxford Sec
Book ID: 230 Page: 40
Section: 3A1,3D1,3G
It is certain that, at least for the time, the system was an enormous gain. Whatever be its merits or demerits in its abstract relation to Christianity, it must at least be credited with the great work of having saved the Churches of the West from a disintegration which would have involved for the clergy a revival of Arianism, and for the masses of the people a relapse into paganism.
Quote ID: 5778
Time Periods: 7
Growth of Church Institutions, The
The Rev. Edwin Hatch, M. A., D.D., (Reader In Ecclesiastical History In The University Of Oxford Sec
Book ID: 230 Page: 46/47
Section: 3G,3A2A
Charles the Great endeavoured to treat the matter with a strong hand;---“Let Your Utility be aware,” he writes in a circular letter or edict to his vassals and administrative officers, “that there has resounded in our ears an enormous presumption of some or you that you do not obey your bishops as the authority of the laws and canons requires; I mean that, with incredible temerity, you refuse to present presbyters to bishops: nay, more, you do not shrink from taking other men’s clerks, and venture to put them into your churches without the bishop’s consent....We therefore bid and require that no one whatever of our vassals, from the least to the greatest, venture to be disobedient to his bishop in things which pertain to God.... If any one take an opposite course, let him know that without doubt, unless he speedily amends his ways, he will give an account thereof in our presence”{1}
Quote ID: 5781
Time Periods: 7
Hadrian
Stewart Perowne
Book ID: 103 Page: 31
Section: 2C,3G
The position of the senate under the empire resembled in some way that of the College of Cardinals under the modern papacy, in that while it has little corporate power in normal times, to belong to it is a coveted honour, and, when a Pope dies, it is the College which elects a successor.
Quote ID: 2569
Time Periods: 147
Heretics and Scholars in the High Middle Ages 1000–1200
Heinrich Fichtenau
Book ID: 107 Page: 15
Section: 3G
Opinions had always differed about reading the pagan classics. Rigorists considered them harmful, many others found them useful, and some praised them effusively, above all during the so-called Carolingian Renaissance. In those days a priest from Mainz declared that Cicero, Virgil, and other writers had ascended to heaven after Christ freed them from Limbo.
Quote ID: 2607
Time Periods: 016
Heretics and Scholars in the High Middle Ages 1000–1200
Heinrich Fichtenau
Book ID: 107 Page: 15
Section: 3G
…the classical authors attained the stature of theological authorities, like the fathers of the church or even the Bible.
Quote ID: 2608
Time Periods: 016
Lollards of the Chiltern Hills: Glimpses of English Dissent in the Middle Ages, The
W. H. Summers
Book ID: 248 Page: 10
Section: 3G
… a Benedictine or Cluniac priority appears to have been founded at Newton Longville, as a cell of the Abbey of St. Foy at Longueville in Normandy, by Walter Gifford,-------------
“At the close of Henry’s reign,” writes Mr. J.R. Green (History of the English People, i. 156), “and throughout the reign of Stephen, England was stirred by the first of those great movements which it was to experience afterwards in the preaching of the Friars, the Lollardism of Wickliffe, the Reformation, the Puritan enthusiasm, and the mission work of the Wesleys. Everywhere, in town and country, men banded themselves together for prayer, hermits flocked to the woods, noble and churl welcomed the austere Cistercians. A new spirit of devotion woke the slumbers of the religious houses, and penetrated alike to the home of the noble and the trader.”
oage 23-24 of new book
Quote ID: 6226
Time Periods: 67
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 36
Section: 3G
The reception of Clovis and his Franks into the Catholic and Roman Church points the direction of the future and is doubled in importance because of the future pre-eminence of the Franks. Immediately it welded Clovis’ dominions into something more resembling a unity, for in a world not only overrun by uncouth barbarians but also threatened by Arian heretics, it gave him the support of the surviving Gallo-Romans, his hitherto reluctant subjects, clinging to their faith as a symbol of vanishing ‘Romanitas’, as it gave him the support also fo the Gallic bishops. When in 507 Clovis marched against the Arian Alaric II, king of the Visigoths, he did so with the blessing of the Church and under the protection of St. Martin of Tours, which he himself had sought. And Clovis had the victory, slaying Alaric in the fight by his own hand. ‘Thou hast girded me, O Lord, with strength unto the battle; Thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me. Thou hast also made mine enemies turn their backs upon me, and thou hast destroyed them that hate me’.{2}When he died in 511 at the age of forty-five, Clovis by his victories against the Visigoths and Burgundians had more or less subdued all Gaul: he had thus founded the kingdom of the Franks; and he had made it Christian.
Quote ID: 6472
Time Periods: 6
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 42
Section: 3G
That element Pepin obtained from the Church, who, in the person of St. Boniface, not only crowned but anointed him as king in 751, while three years later the new Pope, Stephen II, further anointed and consecrated him king, together with his two songs Charles and Carloman. . . Charlemagne. . . .
. . . it is on this double occasion of 751 and 754 that the sacring of kings begins, to be carried over also to other nations, and with it the nature of kingship changes from the comparatively irresponsible Germanic lordship of a war-leader wielding a personal regality over his followers to the responsible concept of Christian kingship. King by the Grace of God (Rex Dei Gratia), anointed with holy oil and consecrated in the sacrament of his coronation as a bishop was consecrated, the monarch will henceforth be part priest as well as king, rex et sacerdos, the defender of the Church and of the Faith, as much responsible for the soul’s health of his subjects as for their material well-being and his own. And though the radically reforming Papacy of the eleventh and twelfth centuries will come to regret and deny the sacerdotal element in kingship, it will remain -
Not all the water in the rough, rude sea
Can wash the balm from an anointed King
The voice of Shakespeare speaks for the ‘modern’ period, the England of the Tudors and the Stuarts, the France of Louis XIV and beyond.
Quote ID: 6475
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 43
Section: 3G
Thus Pope Stephen II in 754, blessing in their turn the sons of Pepin ‘with the grace of the Holy Spirit’, bound the Franks ‘by an interdiction and the threat of excommunication that they should never in future presume to choose a king sprung from the loins of any save those whom the divine piety has deigned to exalt and has purposed to confirm and consecrate’{1} - i.e. the Carolingians. So too, more generally, the power and status of kingship were greatly increased by the monarch’s new sacerdotal role as a vicar of God on earth, . . .
Quote ID: 6476
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 46
Section: 3G
. . . for the heathen Saxons were forcibly converted in a devastating exercise in militant Christianity.Alcuin of York, scholar and intellectual, a principal adviser of Charlemagne, head of his palace school and one who devoted his life to the conversion of the heathen Germans, dared to criticize the methods of his master. ‘One ought . . . to recognize’, he wrote, ‘that faith comes of free-will, not of compulsion. How can a man be compelled to believe what he does not believe? You may force a man to the font, but not to the Faith’.{1}
Quote ID: 6477
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 49
Section: 3G
The emphasis of the Carolingian Renaissance was literary, the editing and copying of the basic sources of wisdom, and not only of the Bible and the Fathers - Cyprian, Jerome, Augustine, Gregory the Great - but also Boethius and, behind him, Vergil and other classical authors.
Quote ID: 6478
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 49
Section: 3G
The most famous event in the reign of Charlemagne took place on Christmas Day, 800, when in the church of St. Peter at Rome Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor. ‘On the most holy day of the Nativity of the Lord, as the king rose from prayer before the confessio of St. Peter to hear mass, Pope Leo placed a crown on his head, and he was acclaimed by all the people of the Romans: “To Charles Augustus, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor of the Romans, life, and victory!” And after these acclamations he was adored by the Pope in the manner of the princes of old, and the title of patrician was discarded and he was called Emperor and Augustus.’{1}
Quote ID: 6480
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 50
Section: 3G
On a golden bulla or seal attributed to Charlemagne as Emperor there is engraved the legend ‘Renovatio Romani imperii’, i.e. ‘The revival of the Roman Empire’; but obviously in no strict sense was Charlemagne’s Empire, differing even in territorial extent, a revival of the Roman Empire, which in any case, legally, historically and visibly, still existed at Constantinople - though in saying this we must also remember that the Roman Empire in the West had never officially or definitely ended or been abolished, . . .
Quote ID: 6481
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 51
Section: 3G
. . .”the dispensation of our Lord Jesus Christ is conferred on you Charlemagne as governor of the Christian people” rector populi christiani,...spoken by Constantine 6th
Quote ID: 6482
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 52
Section: 3G
The empire conceived by Alcuin and realized, so far as the dreams of men can ever be realized, on Christmas Day 800, was the empire of the Christian people, an empire of the faithful, the empire, in short, of Latin Christendom now coming to be identified as Europe.{1} As such it was, in a real but new sense to fit the times, the Roman Empire, since it comprised all those peoples on the mainland of Europe who were members of the Roman Church and for whom Rome was the spiritual capital and something more, and for whom (as indeed for us) it was difficult any longer to think of the surviving Roman Empire in the East as in any real sense ‘Roman’ at all. Thus ‘his Charlemagne’s Roman empire was to represent the rebirth of the ancient pagan Roman empire in the guise and shape of a new Latin-Christian one . . .
Quote ID: 6483
Time Periods: 7
Origins of Modern Europe, The
R. Allen Brown
Book ID: 256 Page: 53
Section: 3G
. . . and this was evidently the cause of the king-emperor’s annoyance and his off-repeated remark, recorded in Einhard’s biography, that if he had known what the Pope would do he would never have entered the church, Christmas or not. Certainly when the time came, in 813, to designate his successor, he himself placed the crown on the head of his son Louis, and in his own palace church at Aachen, not at Rome.
Quote ID: 6485
Time Periods: 7
Papal Monarchy from St. Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII (590-1303), The
William Barry
Book ID: 342 Page: 49
Section: 1A,3A1,3G,4B
At this hour of deepest eclipse, Gregory ascended the Papal Chair, and the Middle Ages began.In this noble and attractive person we may affirm that all which the ancient world could now bequeath to the modern was to be found. He sprang from the most conspicuous of late Roman Houses, the Anicii, who had long been Christian. The grandson of Pope Felix and son of Gordianus, at one time he was Prӕtor, if not Perfect, of the City. Then, in obedience to the strongest current of his age, he had become a monk. He turned his fine mansion on the Cӕlian into a monastery.
Quote ID: 7932
Time Periods: 167
Papal Monarchy from St. Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII (590-1303), The
William Barry
Book ID: 342 Page: 50
Section: 3A1,3A3,3G
Yet on him it fell to feed and defend the city. The imperial officers could do nothing.
Quote ID: 7933
Time Periods: 267
Papal Monarchy from St. Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII (590-1303), The
William Barry
Book ID: 342 Page: 50
Section: 1A,3A3B,3G
It was a custom as early as Pope Soter (180) for the Roman Church to send assistance wherever Christians found themselves in distress. Now as then the Church fed the Roman people; to such elementary human offices had it come; but in thus stooping it laid foundations deep for the Pope’s temporal power. Gregory acted as lieutenant of the Empire though not by designation.
Quote ID: 7934
Time Periods: 267
Papal Monarchy from St. Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII (590-1303), The
William Barry
Book ID: 342 Page: 51
Section: 3A1,3A4B,3A3B,3G
He alone signs the treaty of peace with Agilulf. He insists on the freedom of soldiers who are desirous of becoming monks, although the Emperor had forbidden it. If, as Pope, he was the richest landowner in Italy, with thousands of serfs and myriads of acres yielding him a revenue, from these resources he nourished his Romans at the doors of the basilicas. Neither would he permit his coloni to be ruthlessly oppressed. He maintained the churches, ransomed captives, set up hospitals for pilgrims, and saw to it that twice in the year a corn-bearing fleet from Sicily supplied Rome with provisions at Portus.
Quote ID: 7935
Time Periods: 67
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 93
Section: 2C,3D1,3G
As pope, he is remembered above all for the English mission, when the Roman church first stepped outside the contracted bounds of the Empire into contact with peoples who had never been subject to its ecclesiastical jurisdiction; for writing the Regula Pastoralis, the key to a bishop’s life, and so to civilization in the succeeding centuries; for welcoming the conversion of the Spanish Visigoths from Arianism to Catholicism; for his defence of Roman primacy against the pretensions of the see of Constantinople; for making himself pope of the emerging nations. But in Rome and Italy he was ’God’s consul’, under whose management came the whole care and preservation of the population of war-torn Italy - a frontier province since the Lombard invasions. The imperial authorities had no resources to spare for Rome in its almost isolated situation. The decimated senatorial families had vanished into exile in the East and had given their possessions to the Roman church, or - their estates, bankrupt, existed on charity.
Quote ID: 4298
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 94
Section: 3G,4B
c. AD 600 the Roman church, drawing the best elements into its service, was also drawing upon their patrimonies. These were windfalls of capital. . . .
Quote ID: 4299
Time Periods: 7
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 94
Section: 3G
c. 600 As the invaders Lombards swept the surrounding countryside, ancient towns fell abandoned and provision had to be made for spiritual and temporal needs. In the first year of his pontificate, Gregory wrote to Bishop Balbinus of Rosella: ’We have learned that the church of Populonia is so entirely destitute of clergy that the confessions of the dying cannot be heard or baptism given to infants. We therefore charge your fraternity, by the authority of these letters, to visit that church and to ordain there one cardinal-priest and two deacons, with three priests in the attached parishes’.
Quote ID: 4301
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 95
Section: 3G
Gregory?Also, early on Easter morning he used to sit in the basilica of Pope Vigilius, which was near his residence, to exchange the kiss of peace with the bishops, priests, deacons and other notables, and on these occasions he gave to each of them one aureus. On the feast of the Apostles, and on the anniversary of his own consecration, he gave them a sum of money and clothes of foreign material and make.
Quote ID: 4303
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 100
Section: 3G
Gregory was a realist; the Dialogues and his sermons testify to his grasp of the need to build up a strong Christian faith as the basis of society when the Empire - and with it, economic prosperity and military security - was fading in the West.
Quote ID: 4309
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 102
Section: 3G
Traditional social distinctions were also passing, as Gregory felt. He wrote that the regular use of the pallium by Archbishop John of Ravenna was not only contrary to ecclesiastical custom, it was also a civil and social distinction from which church-men should be entirely free. The world that cared for Ciceronianisms, where a bishop was a politician and a social lion, the world of the Gallic bishops of his diplomatic experience in Constantinople, was passing; in speech and churchmanship the essentials alone remained.
Quote ID: 4310
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 103
Section: 3G,4A
This attitude prevailed: Pope Honorius in the seventh century, embroiled by the easterners in the questions of Christ’s will, declared that the whole debate was one for grammarians, and his own answers show a parable-like approach, one that was pastoral and not purely academic. He, or his secretary John, later Pope John IV, compared philosophers to croaking frogs.
Quote ID: 4311
Time Periods: 7
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 103/104
Section: 3G
The clergy of Rome were a corporation closely and traditionally connected with city social life; young lectors and chamberlains of the Lateran still lived in their family houses, and it was only gradually that this dependence died out.
Quote ID: 4313
Time Periods: 67
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 107
Section: 3A1,3G
Pope Gregory established the pattern that the papacy was to retain in the succeeding centuries, shaping the Roman Church as the de facto authority of Italy in the provision of the essentials for Rome’s continuance, ready and able to supplement the imperial administration itself in the preservation of a Roman Italy. His reign also marks the spread and intensification of the influence of St. Peter and of the Roman See.
Quote ID: 4317
Time Periods: 6
Rome in the Dark Ages
Peter Llewellyn
Book ID: 191 Page: 107
Section: 3G
The papacy towered in Italy, finding itself isolated from a social and political context in which it had first acquired its preeminence. It was therefore free of any stifling associations, and able to evolve its expression of moral authority standing apart from its milieu. Gregory himself was not fully aware of this; he lamented the passing of a whole society in Rome, although he emphasized the advantages that lack of trammels brought for the service of religion.
Quote ID: 4318
Time Periods: 6
Rome Triumphant: How The Empire Celebrated Its Victories
Robert Payne
Book ID: 192 Page: 214
Section: 3G
When he saw the crosses, Charlemagne dismounted from his horse and continued to St. Peter’s on foot; and when he reached the Vatican he climbed the steps on his knees, as Julius Caesar once climbed the steps to the Capitol, kissing each step until at last he stood beside the Pope, who was waiting for him in the portico. It was the triumph of the Pope over the earthly emperor, but the emperor also triumphed in his own way, for he marched on the right hand of the Pope to the altar and accepted the honours and titles showered on him as defensor ecclesiae and saviour of the state.
Quote ID: 4439
Time Periods: 7
Rome Triumphant: How The Empire Celebrated Its Victories
Robert Payne
Book ID: 192 Page: 214
Section: 3G
On Christmas Day Charlemagne was conducted before the tomb of St. Peter and there received the crown of the Holy Roman empire from the hands of the Pope. The words used by the celebrants at the coronation were believed to be very nearly the same as those used to greet the election of a Caesar: Carolo piissimo augusto, a Deo coronato, magno, pacifico Imperatori, Vita et Victoria. “To Charles, the most pious Augustus, crowned by God, the great and pacific Emperor, Life and Victory.” The theme of victory and triumph were never far from the imaginations of the Romans.
Quote ID: 4440
Time Periods: 7
Rome Triumphant: How The Empire Celebrated Its Victories
Robert Payne
Book ID: 192 Page: 215
Section: 3G
In the time of Charlemagne the temple of Jupiter Capiolinus still stood on the Capitol. Most, if not all, of the ancient Roman monuments remained. Visitors to Rome saw the monuments of the church rising amid the still-gleaming monuments of the Caesars.
Quote ID: 4441
Time Periods: 7
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